Pediatric ENT Services

Common Ear, Nose, Throat Problems in Children

Frequent colds and congenital problems are frequent culprits distressing ear, nose and throat problems in children. And these symptoms can actually hamper your child’s development—and sometimes their lives. We can diagnose and provide proper, child-appropriate treatment so you and your child can breathe easy again.

Childhood Ear Problems

Ear infections (Otitis media) are the number one reason parents haul their children to the doctor. With touchy, immature immune systems kids are often far more susceptible to more frequent colds that trigger head congestion. At the same time, the anatomy of a child’s head is still developing from birth to age six—specifically the Eustachian tubes.

These tubes maintain proper air pressure in the middle ear (for hearing) and normally drain fluid from the ears down into the throat. But the Eustachian tubes are not fully developed in early childhood. They are narrower, weaker and more horizontal, so they can easily clog with bacteria and fluid from backups in the nose and throat. Hence the frequent ear infections, ear pain, pressure, ear drainage, sleepless nights and sad children and parents.

If your child has recurring ear infections, you need to visit your doctor for a proper diagnosis and treatment; not only to relieve your child’s pain, but because this window of early childhood is critical to your child’s speech and language development. Frequent ear infections often negatively impact hearing, making it harder for your child to develop these important skills.

Childhood Nose Problems

Ear and nose problems in children are usually interconnected because the very anatomy of the head is interconnected. Children with frequent colds and/or allergies struggle with stuffy, runny noses that just won’t quit. The abundance of extra snot leads to adjacent symptoms of earaches and sore throats because the excess backs up in these areas too.

Children can also have sinus infections, making it hard for them to breathe, sleep and enjoy discovering the world. Sinuses normally produce moistening mucus that clears the nasal passages, even from birth; but again, these are still under development. And when an immune response triggers excess mucus production, clogs happen here too:

• Ethmoid sinuses: Near the bridge of the nose, present and growing from birth.
• Maxillary sinuses: Near the cheekbones, present and growing from birth.
• Frontal sinuses: In the forehead, starts developing around age seven.
• Sphenoid sinuses: Deep behind the nose, develops during adolescence.

Congenital Childhood Ear Nose & Throat Problems

Speaking of tissue abnormalities, childhood throat, nose and ear problems are not always the result of an immune response (normal or allergic). Congenital defects in the nose and throat can severely impact your child’s ability to breathe properly. Also, until about six months of age, infants can really only breathe through their noses. If an infant’s nose becomes blocked, dangerously low levels of oxygen from pauses in breathing can result. These are just a few congenital nose and throat issues that need prompt attention and can help with:

• Swollen adenoids or tonsils
• Obstructive sleep apnea
• Laryngomalacia (immature, soft cartilage in the upper larynx falls inward when inhaling)
• Narrowing of the larynx or trachea
• Choanal atresia (abnormal tissue blocking nasal airways)
• Crooked nasal septum
• Foreign object obstruction (e.g. kids shoving peas up their noses)

Some of these can be treated during an office visit, some can be alleviated with medication therapies, while some must be treated surgically.